Hernia Surgery
A hernia is the pushing out of contents of the abdomen through a weak point in the abdominal wall. It does not resolve on its own and grows over time. The only lasting treatment is surgical repair.
What to know about hernias
- A hernia does not close with medication, a truss or exercise; a support belt gives temporary relief only.
- Most repairs use a synthetic mesh to reinforce the weakened area.
- Inguinal and incisional hernias can be repaired by the keyhole (laparoscopic or robotic) approach.
- A strangulated hernia is an emergency: severe pain, redness, vomiting and a hernia that cannot be pushed back require immediate attention.
- Observation may be advised for small hernias causing no symptoms; the decision is individual.
Types and symptoms
Inguinal hernia is the commonest, appearing as a swelling in the groin and a sense of fullness that increases on standing and disappears on lying down. An umbilical hernia produces a bulge at the navel. An incisional hernia, which forms in the scar of a previous operation, is usually wider and more complex to repair.
Heavy lifting, chronic cough, constipation and excess weight all raise pressure within the abdomen and encourage hernias to form and enlarge.
How the operation is performed
In an open repair the surgeon works through an incision over the hernia, returns the protruding tissue into the abdomen and closes the weakened area with mesh support.
In the keyhole approach the work is done from the inner surface of the abdominal wall and the mesh is positioned to cover the weak area from within. This can be advantageous in bilateral inguinal hernias and in recurrent hernias in particular. Which method suits a patient depends on the size and site of the hernia, previous operations and general health.
After the operation
Most hernia repairs are completed as a day case or with one overnight stay. Tightness and bruising in the area during the first days are expected findings.
Walking is encouraged early. Heavy lifting and activities that raise abdominal pressure are usually postponed for three to four weeks. Avoiding constipation and stopping smoking both contribute to the durability of the repair.
Key facts
| Types of hernia | Inguinal, umbilical, epigastric, incisional, hiatal |
|---|---|
| Method | Open or keyhole (laparoscopic/robotic) |
| Anaesthesia | General or regional |
| Hospital stay | Day case or 1 day |
| Return to work | 1 week for desk work; 3–4 weeks for heavy work |
| Mesh | Used in most repairs |
Frequently asked questions
Can a hernia heal on its own?
No. In adults a hernia does not close by itself and tends to enlarge. Surgical repair is the only lasting solution.
Is mesh harmful to the body?
The meshes used are made from biocompatible materials and become integrated with the tissue. Because mesh markedly reduces the risk of recurrence, it is preferred in most repairs.
Can I exercise after hernia surgery?
Walking begins early. Weight training and sports that strain the abdominal muscles usually require a wait of four to six weeks, depending on the type of repair.
Can a hernia come back?
With appropriate technique and mesh use, recurrence rates are low. Smoking, excess weight, constipation and lifting heavy loads too early are the main factors that increase the risk.
The information on this page is for general guidance only and does not replace a consultation. The treatment that suits you can only be determined after examination and tests.
Appointments and enquiries
Describe your symptoms and questions briefly; you will receive a reply after review.